Te Whakatau i ngā Hapa Wīwī me te Pitch o te Wāhanga Raina i roto i ngā Pūnaha Maha-Tuaka

Kua whakatūria e koe tētahi pūnaha tuaka-maha hou, kua tāutahia tō kāmera tirohanga, kua tīmata tō raupapa nekehanga — ā, ka mātakitaki i te ahua e neke haere ana i waho o te arotahi, kāore he take e kitea ana? Kua kite pea koe i te kounga tapahi o tō mīhini laser micromachining e neke haere ana puta noa i te wāhi mahi ahakoa i noho tonu ngā tautuhinga mana me te tere. He maha ngā wā ka huna te take i te tirohanga whānui: ngā hapa koki iti e kiia nei ko te wobble me te pitch.

He ahua huna ēnei hapa. Kāore e whakaohooho i ngā wā katoa. Ka āta pau te wā e pau ai tō rohe tukanga tae noa ki te tīmatanga o te korenga o te tirotiro i ngā wāhanga. Hei kaihanga wāhanga tika me te neke atu i te iwa tau i te papa wheketere, kua kite mātou i tēnei kōrero e takarohia ana puta noa i ngā rau kaupapa. Ko tā mātou whāinga i konei ko te ārahi i a koe i roto i tēnei - ehara i te mea mā te ariā pukapuka, engari mā te mahi rapurongoā mahi-i-te-papa.

Ā, ka aro atu mātou ki te pātai e pātai pinepinetia mai ana ki a mātou:"Me pēhea taku whakaiti i te wiri o te atamira rārangi me te whakatau i ngā hapa oro i roto i taku pūnaha atamira rārangi maha-tuaka?"Tikina he kawhe. Ka wetewetehia e tātou tēnei taahiraa i ia taahiraa.

He aha rawa ngā hapa wiri me ngā hapa piki o te atamira rārangi?

Kia māmā noa iho ngā whakamāramatanga. Ka eke koe i tētahi atamira hei neke i tētahi kawenga mai i A ki B i roto i te rārangi tika. I te ao tūturu, kāore te kāreti e neke tika noa iho. Ka paku wiriwiri hoki. Ka wehea taua wiriwiri kia toru ngā nekehanga koki:

Te papa:ka piko ake, ka heke iho rānei te kāreti, pērā i te pīoioi (ka huri huri noa i te Y).

Āue:ka huri te kāreti ki maui, ki matau rānei (hurihuri huri noa i a Z).

Rōra:ka takahuri te kāreti i te tuaka haere (hurihuri huri noa i a X).

Ina kōrero te iwi mōwiri atamira rārangi, he maha ngā wā e whakaahua ana i te huinga o te pitch me te yaw — te nekehanga e meinga ai tō wāhanga kia rite ki te piko me te raranga i tōna ara. Mō te nuinga o ngā puranga maha-tuaka, ko te wāhanga pitch te mea tino mamae nā te mea ka kukume tonu te kaha ā-papa me ngā kawenga cantilevered ki raro i runga i te kāreti.

Whakaarohia he ngira tohatoha iti e mau ana ki te tuaka-Z. Mena hewiri atamira rārangiMai i te 40 noa iho ngā maikororadiana, ka taea e te pito ngira te neke poutū atu i te 4 maikorona puta noa i te haerenga. He nui tēnā hei pani i tētahi piri piri 10-maikorona te whānui. Ā, kotahi noa te tuaka. Ina tāpaehia kia rua, kia toru rānei, ka tere te tāpiri o ngā hapa.

He aha i hurihia ai e ngā pūnaha maha-tuaka ngā hapa iti hei raruraru nui

Tērā pea he 20 hēkona-āwhata te roa o te oro i tētahi atamira tuaka-kotahi. He mea whakamiharo tēnā i runga i tētahi pepa raraunga. Engari i roto i tētahiatamira raina maha-tuakaKi te whakarārangihia, ka pōrearea ngā mea. Ka piko te atamira o raro, ā, ka noho taua piko hei taupatupatu pūnaha mō te atamira kua whakairihia ki runga. Mena he hapa piki ake tō te atamira o runga, ka rua ngā hapa ka puta. Ka kiia tēnei he hapa whakarārangi, ā, koinei te take he kino ake te mahi a te pūnaha tuaka-2 i te tapeke o ōna whakaritenga atamira takitahi.

I roto i te puranga tuaka maha-kāhua gantry, ka noho te hapa pitch mai i te tuaka o raro hei taurite pūnaha mō ia tuaka kua whakairihia ki runga ake.

Anei tētahi tauira tūturu mai i tā mātou papa huihuinga:

Ka kite koe kāore ngā tau e tāpiri noa - ka honoa ki ngā ringa kawenga me ngā ringa moment. Koinei tonu te takete rapurongoā hapa o te pitchi roto i teatamira raina maha-tuakame titiro ki te puranga katoa, kaua ki ngā tuaka takitahi anake.

Te Whakatau Rapanga Hapa Pito Hipanga-i-te-Hipanga

Ina waea mai tētahi kiritaki ki a mātou me te raruraru wiri, ka whai mātou i tētahi raupapa kua whakamātauhia. Ka mahi tonu ahakoa kei a koe ā mātou atamira, kei a tētahi atu rānei. Anei te huarahi mahi-ā-ringa:

1. Ine Tuatahi, Kaua e Matapae

Me whai pūtake koe. He pai te ine whakawhiti laser, engari he pai anō hoki te taumata hiko, te autocollimator rānei. Tātaitia te hapa koki i te haerenga katoa o ia tuaka, kia rite tonu ki tōna tūnga i roto i tō mīhini. Tuhia te pikinga tihi-ki-te-awaawa, ka yaw. Kaua e pekehia tēnei taahiraa — ka aukati i a koe ki te whai i ngā kehua.

2. Tirohia te Mata Whakamau

Koinei te take matua owiri atamira rārangie kitea ana e tātou i te parae. Ki te kore tō pereti turanga e papatahi, ka whakapirihia he atamira papatahi ki runga i te mata piko, ka whakapōturitia ngā ara rere o te peera. Wetekina ngā pūtu whakapiri, ka nekehia he ine ine i raro i te atamira. Ka taea e te hiri 5-micron i raro i tetahi kokonga te tapahi i te hapa pitch kia haurua. Whakamahia te rakau hiri, waruhia rānei te mata kia papatahi.

3. Tirohia tō kawenga me te wā e tau ana

He kawenga nekehanga whakatauranga (Nm) tō ia wāhanga. Mēnā ka toro atu tō kawenga ki waho, ka hangaia e te pānga hiki he nekehanga piko-iho e whawhai tonu ai ngā peera. Inehia te tawhiti mai i te pokapū o te kawe ki te pokapū o te taumaha o tō taputapu. Whakareatia tēnā ki te taumaha. Mēnā ka nui ake tēnei tau i te whakaritenga o te wāhanga, ka kite koe.wiri atamira rārangipiki ake i raro i te kawenga. Whakatikahia mā te tāpiri i tētahi taurite, mā te neke rānei i te kawenga kia tata mai.

4. Te Whakatikatika i te Utaina i mua

Me tika te utaina o mua mō ngā atamira hurihuri-whiti me ngā kaiārahi poroporo-whana hei tango i te āputa o roto. I roto i te wā, ka whakangāwari te kakahu i tēnei utaina, ā, ka tīmata te wiri o te kāreti ki te āhua moroiti. He maha ngā atamira he tīwiri whakatikatika, he kāmepa rerekē rānei. Whakakīia kia paku noa iho, me te aroturuki i te ia o te taraiwa motuka (mō ngā atamira motuka) te kaha pana rānei (mō te ā-ringa). Kei te rapu koe i tētahi pikinga paku, maeneene o te tō. Whai muri i te whakatikatika, ine anō i tō hapa pitch. Me tino heke iho.

5. Horoia, tirohia hoki ngā ara reihi

Ka mate te tika o te mahi a te paru. Ka taea e te matūriki he rite te rahi ki te makawe tangata e mau ana i roto i te reihi peera te whakakoi i te pikinga koi o te papa i tētahi wāhi motuhake i te nekehanga. Tangohia ngā taupoki, murua ngā reera ki te kakahu kore-miro me te whakarewa, ka pania anō ki te hinu kua tūtohutia. Mena kei te whakamahi te atamira i ngā roera whakawhiti, tirohia mēnā kei te here te whare herehere. Kua kite mātou i te horoinga ngāwari e whakatika ana i te 30% owiri atamira rārangingā take i taua wā tonu.

6. Te Āhuatanga o te Tūhonohono i roto i te Puranga

Ki te kore ō tuaka X me Y e tino tapawhā, ka piki, ka heke rānei te tuaka-Y i te nekehanga o te X, he rite ki te hapa o te piko i te tuaka o runga. Whakamahia he tapawhā tika me te tohu waea hei manatoko i te koki whakairi i waenga i ngā tuaka. Wetekina ngā pūtu, pato mārire ki te tūnga, whakakaha anō kia rite ki te tauira whetu. Mā tēnei taahiraa kotahi ka ea te mea ngaro o ngā rerekētangawiri atamira rārangiputa noa i ngā taunga haere rerekē.

Anei tētahi pepa tinihanga rapurongoā hei tirotiro tere:

Paite rapurongoā hapa o te pitchhe 80% te tikanga, he 20% ngā taputapu. Whāia te raupapatanga, ā, ka kitea te pūtake o te raruraru.

Ngā wāhanga rārangi whakawhiti-roera me ngā wāhanga poro-peera mō te mahi wiri me te mahi pitch

Ā tōna wā, ka pāngia te hunga e hanga ana i tētahi pūnaha tino tika e tētahi pātai matua mō te whiriwhiri. Koinei te mea tawhitoNgā wāhanga rārangi whakawhiti-roera me ngā wāhanga poro-peera mō te mahi wiri me te mahi pitchtautohetohe. Kāore he whakautu kotahi e pai ana mō te katoa. Me wehewehe e tātou i runga i ngā mea kua inehia e tātou i runga i ā tātou ake papa huihuinga mō ngā tau e 9.

Ngā wāhanga whakawhiti-rollerwhakamahia ngā roera porotaka i roto i te awaawa-V. Ka tutuki i a rātou te pa ki te rārangi, ko te tikanga he nui ake te pakari me te iti ake o ngā hapa koki.Ngā aratohu raina poro-whanawhakamahia ngā pōro hurihuri me te pānga o ngā pito. He tere ake, he ngāwari ki te whakahaere i te haere roa, engari he iti ake te pakari o te koki.

Atamira Hurihuri-Whaia	Aratohu Whakapūmau Pōro

Hei hanga i tēnei raima, anei tētahi whakatairite i runga i ngā wāhanga noa o tā mātou whānuitanga hua (haerenga 100 mm, whānui tinana 60 mm):

Mena kei te hiahiatia e tō tukanga te kaha rawa atuwiri atamira rārangite mana whakahaere — hei tauira, i roto i te whakaritenga whatu, i te tirotiro rānei — ko te huri-whiti te mea tino pai. He maha tonu tā mātou ārahi i te hunga haurua-whakawhiti ki te huri-whitiatamira raina maha-tuakapuranga mō taua take. Engari ki te hiahia koe ki te hipoki i te hawhe mita o te haere i te tere tere me te kawenga 15 kg, ā, ka taea e koe te mahere me te whakatika i ngā hapa koki i roto i te pūmanawa, he mea tino tika te whakamahi i te atamira poro-poro tino tika.

Ko te mea nui ko te taurite i te hangarau ki te tahua hapa tūturu, kaua ko te whai noa i ngā whakaritenga iti rawa i runga i te pepa.

Ngā Whakatikatika o te Ao Tūturu i roto i ngā Taupānga Matua e Toru

Me whakamahi tātou i tēnei. Anei te huarahiwiri atamira rārangiā, ka puta ngā hapa o te whakatangitangi — ka ea te whakatau — i roto i ngā mara uaua e toru.

Tirotiro i te Wafer Semiconductor

I rotoTe tirotiro i te anga whakarewa haurua-arataki, heatamira raina maha-tuakaKa tātaihia he wafer i raro i te karuārai tirohanga. Ka taea e te hohonutanga o te arotahi te iti iho i te 1 maikorona. Mena he 30 hēkona-āwhata te roa o te paparanga atamira, ka neke te mata o te wafer mā te maha maikorona i te wā o te matawai. Ka puta he whakaahua pōuriuri, ā, ka ngaro ngā hapa.

Ko te tikanga, ka whakatikahia e ā mātou miihini tēnei raruraru mā te whakakaha i te orthogonality, te whakaiti i te Abbe offset (te whakanoho i te whāinga ki runga ake i te waka e neke ana), me te whiriwhiri i ngā wāhanga whakawhiti-roller me te nekehanga ine i raro i te 15 hēkona-arc. Ka tūtohu hoki mātou i tētahi huringa whakamahana hei whakaū i te warping wera i mua i te whakahaerenga o te tirotiro. Kotahi te kiritaki i whakaiti i ā rātou hapa defocus mā te 40% mā te whakatika noa i te papatahi o te turanga whakairi.

Mīhini Miro Taiaho

I rotomīhini iti laser, he mea nui te koki o te hihi. Mēnā ka piko te atamira i te wā e tapahia ana, ka whānui te kerf, ā, ka whakawhāitihia ngā taha. I mahi tahi mātou me tētahi kaihanga taputapu hauora i whakakore i ngā stent nā te mea he koretake te kounga o te tapahi puta noa i te wāhi mahi.

Mīhini tapahi taiaho ahumahi me ngā ara ārahi rārangi e kitea ana — ko te hapa o te piko i roto i ngā toki gantry ka puta he tapahi whakarara me te hohonu o te tapahi puta noa i te anga mahi.

Tō rātou XYatamira raina maha-tuakahe hapa piko kāore i whakatikatikaina o te 45 hēkona-āwhata i raro i te kawenga cantilever. Mā te huri ki tētahi atamira whakawhiti-roller whānui ake me te whakatauranga momeniti 3× teitei ake, me te whakamahi i te utu hapa pūmanawa mō ngā hēkona-āwhata 10 e toe ana, i kawea mai e rātou te rerekētanga tapahi ki roto i te manawanui. Kāore he para. Ko tewiri atamira rārangiko te take i puta mai i te pōro i te wā.

Whakaritenga Whatu Aunoa

I rotote whakarite whatu aunoao ngā maramara photonic, kei te ngana koe ki te hono i te mārama me te tika iti iho i te maikorona. Ki te wiri tō atamira mō te 50 hēkona-āwhata, ka heke te pai o te hononga, ā, ka pau te wā o te pūnaha whakahāngai ki te rapu.

Ko te atamira rārangi ā-ringa tika kua whakamaua ki runga i te papa parāoa whatu — ko ngā tautuhinga hononga muka me te whakaritenga whakaahua e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pumau ā-pūkaha i raro i te hekona-āwhata kia tere ai, kia taea ai hoki te tukurua i te raupapa rapu.

Ko te tikanga, e hiahia ana ā mātou kiritaki papaaho whakahāngai i te wiri kotahi-mati-hekona. Ka whakamahia e rātou te hurihuri-whiti.atamira raina maha-tuakangā huihuinga me ngā mahere hapa piezo kua whakauruhia me ngā mahere hapa kua whakatikatikaina e te wheketere. Kotahi te taiwhanga e tautokona ana e mātou i whakauru i ā mātou wāhanga hurihuri-ā-ringa me ngā kaiwhakaoho piezo, ā, i tutuki ai he huringa whakatikatika 3× tere ake nā te mea he iti noa te wiri miihini i raro iho hei whakaiti i te rohe rapu.

Ngā Tikanga Tiaki Tere e Pupuri ana i te Writing iti

Kia oti te whakahohe i tō pūnaha, mā te whakamahi i ētahi tikanga māmā ka ārai i te hoki mai o te wiri:

Horoia ngā reera i ia marama.Whakamahia he waipiro isopropyl me tētahi tauera kore-miro.

Whakahinuhinuhia anō i te wā tika.Tirohia tā mātou pukapuka mō te hinu tika. He rite te kino o te nui rawa ki te iti rawa.

Tirohia te utaina i mua i ia ono marama.Ka mahia tēnei e mātou i runga i ā mātou ake waeine whakaaturanga.

Me whakahou anō ngā pūtu whakapiri taipana i ia tau.Ka wetekina rātou e te wiri, ā, ka nui haere te hapa o te oro.

He meneti noa iho te roa o ēnei mahi engari he maha ngā hāora e penapenahia anate rapurongoā hapa o te pitchā muri ake nei.

Āhea koe me whakapā mai ki a mātou

I ētahi wā hewiri atamira rārangiKei te hohonu haere te raruraru. Tērā pea he uaua rawa te kawenga, kāore e taea te whakataurite ngāwari. Tērā pea me whai wāhi koe ki tētahi atamira ritenga me tētahi horahanga whāriki kāore i te paerewa. Kāore rānei koe i te tino mōhio mēnā nō te atamira, nō te hanganga rānei te hapa.

Koinei te wāhi e taea ai e tā mātou tīma te āwhina. Neke atu i te iwa tau mātou e hanga ana i ngā wāhanga tika ā-ringa me ngā wāhanga tika ā-mīhini me ngā papa whakahāngai katoa. Kāore mātou e hoko noa i te tau wāhanga ki a koe. Ka kōrero mātou mō ngā āhuatanga o tō kawenga, tō raupapa haere, tō whāinga tika — ā, ka tūtohu i tētahiatamira raina maha-tuakahe tatūnga e mahi ana mai i te rā tuatahi. Ka kapi katoa i tā mātou whānuitanga hua ngā mea katoa mai i ngā kiriata hurihuri ā-ringa māmā ki ngā puranga XYZθ aunoa katoa me te whakaurunga kaiwhakahaere.

Ki te mea kei te whakataetae koe kiwiri atamira rārangime te whakapau nui i te wā kite rapurongoā hapa o te pitch, tukua mai he karere, waea mai rānei ki ā mātou kaihangarau tono. Kua oti pea i a mātou tētahi wero rite i mua, ā, e harikoa ana mātou ki te whakapuaki i ā mātou mōhiotanga.

Te Whakarāpopototanga

Ngā hapa wiri me te pōro i roto iatamira raina maha-tuakaHe mea noa ngā pūnaha, engari ehara i te mea he mea whakahāwea. I ahu mai i ngā mea ka taea te ine, ka taea te whakatika: te papatahi o te whakairinga, te utaina i mua, ngā kawenga cantilever, te āhua o te peera, me te āhua o te puranga. Mahihia mā te ine-inengate rapurongoā hapa o te pitchraupapa, whiriwhiria te hangarau ara ārahi tika (kia maumahara ki teNgā wāhanga rārangi whakawhiti-roera me ngā wāhanga poro-peera mō te mahi wiri me te mahi pitchte tauwhitiwhiti), me te pupuri i ō wāhanga me ngā mahinga māmā. Tō tukanga — ahakoaTe tirotiro i te anga whakarewa haurua-arataki,mīhini iti laser, rāneite whakarite whatu aunoa— ka mihi atu ki a koe mō te hua nui ake me te iti o te wā whakatā.

Ko te tumanako ka hoatu e tēnei aratohu he ara mārama ki a koe. Ā, kia mahara, ki te pātai koe ki a koe anō,"Me pēhea taku whakaiti i te wiri o te atamira rārangi me te whakatau i ngā hapa oro i roto i taku pūnaha atamira rārangi maha-tuaka?"— kua tata ki te tekau tau tō hoa mahi e whakautu ana i taua pātai. Me whakarite kia tika te mahi a tō nekehanga.