Impamvu Ibyuma Bitagira Ingufu Bikora N'intoki Biruta Aluminium Muri Laboratwari Zirimo Kwangirika

Ishusho ya 1: Icyiciro cyo gushyiramo XY neza hakoreshejwe icyuma kidashonga, cyagenewe ibidukikije bya laboratwari byangiza

Niba warigeze gusimbuza urwego rwo kwiyandikisha nyuma y'amezi atandatu gusa uri mu gipfundikizo cy'umuriro, uba uzi neza ikibazo. Ubuso butangira gupfundika. Udupfundikizo dutangira gufatana. Gupima birahinduka. Umunsi umwe, birahita bifatwa burundu.

Ibyo ni ukuri ku bashakashatsi benshi n'abatekinisiye ba laboratwari bishingikiriza ku bikoresho byo gushyira ibintu mu mwanya w'umuntu mu buryo bw'intoki mu bidukikije birimo ubukana bw'imiti. Impamvu nyamukuru ni imwe hafi ya yose: bagurishijwe icyiciro cya aluminiyumu kubera akazi kari gakeneye icyiciro cy'icyuma kitagira umugese.

Tumaze imyaka irenga 9 twubaka ibyiciro byo gushyiramo ibintu hakoreshejwe intoki na moteri. Twabonye iyi nkuru igenda inshuro nyinshi cyane kurusha uko twabibara. Twanabonye uburyo guhitamo ibikoresho byoroshye bishobora kongera igihe cyo gukora icyiciro cya laboratwari hakoreshejwe intoki kuva ku mezi kugeza ku myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo.

Muri iyi nkuru, ndakwereka impamvu icyuma kitagira umugese cyiganjemo aluminiyumu mu bijyanye no gushyiramo ibintu birwanya ingese. Uzabona amakuru nyayo, igereranya rifatika, kandi nizeye ko uzamenya neza icyo wareba ubutaha ugiye gushyiraho laboratwari ikoresha amazi, aho gukorera imiti, cyangwa aho gushyiramo ibikoresho bikoresha imiti bikoresha intoki.

Igiciro Nyacyo cy'Icyiciro cyangiritse (Si igiciro cyo gusimbuza gusa)

Reka tubanze tuvuge imibare. Imashini isanzwe ya aluminiyumu ya 6061 ifite intera ya 25mm ishobora kugutwara $250–$400. Imashini isa na yo ya 316 ifite icyuma kitagira umugese? Birashoboka ko ari $500–$800. Ku mpapuro, iya aluminiyumu isa n'iyaguzwe neza.

Ariko ingengo y'imari ya laboratwari ntikora ku mpapuro. Ikora uko igihe kigenda.

Twakoze ubushakashatsi muri laboratwari 40 mu 2023 zikoresha ibyiciro by'intoki mu byuma bicukura umwuka bikoresha aside, imiti isukura, n'imiti ya saline. Dore uko urwego rw'impindura rusa rumeze:

Noneho gwiza ikiguzi cya aluminiyumu ukurikije umubare w'ibikoresho bisimbura mu gihe cy'imyaka 10. Ndetse no mu gihe kiri hagati, ugura ibice 5 kugeza kuri 8 bya aluminiyumu ugereranije n'icyuma kimwe cya stainless steel. Uko kuzigama $300 kurashira vuba. Kandi ibyo ntibisobanura igihe cyo kudakora, amasaha yo gupfusha ubusa, cyangwa igerageza ryangiritse iyo igice cyamaze guhagarara hagati.

Mu by'ukuri ikiba ku byuma biri mu icupa ry'ibinyabutabire

Mbere yuko twinjira mu bintu bifatika, reka turebe uko imbere mu gipfundikizo gisanzwe cya laboratwari ya chimie gisa mu gihe cy'igerageza risanzwe.

Ishusho ya 2: Guturika kw'ibice ku buso bwa aluminiyumu — utwobo duto twimbitse duterwa n'igitero cya iyoni ya kloride, gisanzwe nyuma y'amezi menshi umwuka wa aside ugaragara mu byuma bifunze

Ufite isahani ya petri cyangwa agakoresho k'icyitegererezo gashyizwe ku rwego rwa laboratwari y'intoki. Hejuru yayo, wenda pipette cyangwa umutwe w'icyuma gipima. Iruhande rwayo, hari umwuka uva muri aside hydrochloric, aside acetic, ammonia, cyangwa saline buffers. Ibi si amazi menshi yamenetse - ni utudomo duto tw'amazi n'ubushuhe. Ariko bigwa ku kintu cyose. Mu masaha n'iminsi, bikora agahu katagaragara, kangiza ahantu hose hagaragara.

Ubwirinzi karemano bwa aluminiyumu ni urwego rworoshye rwa okiside. Urwo rwego rukora neza mu mwuka mwiza. Ariko iyoni za kloride (ziva kuri HCl, umunyu, ndetse n'amazi ya robine) zararushwanyaguje rwose. Zitera ingese - utwobo duto kandi twimbitse dukura uko igihe kigenda gihita. Iyo utwobo tumaze gukorwa, ubuso bw'urubyiniro, inzira z'umugongo, n'imigozi y'icyuma bitangira kwangirika. Gushwanyagurika birazamuka. Ingendo nziza ziragenda. Ukumva ahantu "hafite ububo" iyo uzungurutse akabuto ka micrometer.

Icyuma kidafunze, cyane cyane 316 grade, gifite chromium na molybdenum muri alloy. Chromium ikora urwego rwa okiside idafunze yivura. Molybdenum irwanya cyane cyane imyobo iterwa na chloride. Bityo iyo aside imwe irya aluminiyumu mu byumweru bike ituma 316 stainless itagira icyo ikoraho. Agapfundo kaguma neza. Urugendo rukomeza gusubiramo. Urubyiniro ntirwivanga mu gikoresho cy'impapuro.

Iyi ni yo mpamvu y'ingenzi inyuma y'ikibazo: Kuki icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma kidashonga neza girusha aluminium mu gushyiramo ibintu birwanya ingese mu buryo bwa laboratwari? Ni molybdenum. Iyo bitabaye ibyo, ndetse n'ibyuma bimwe na bimwe "bidashonga" (nka 304) bizava mu mwuka ukabije wa chloride. Ariko hamwe na byo, ubona urwego ruhabwa koko ikirango "kidashonga".

Icyuma kidashonga vs Aluminium Linear Stainless ...: Isesengura ryimbitse

Iyo urimo gukora igereranya ry’icyuma kitagira umugese na aluminiyumu, ikiguzi ni umurongo wo gutangira gusa. Reka dushyire ibintu byose iruhande kugira ngo urebe ishusho yuzuye.

Icyo iyi mbonerahamwe itagaragaza ni "ikintu kibangamira." Icyiciro cya aluminiyumu cyatangiye kwangirika ntikibura umunsi umwe gusa. Kiragabanuka buhoro buhoro. Ubushobozi bwawe bwo gusubiramo bwa mikoroni 10 bugera kuri mikoroni 50. Hanyuma 100. Ntabwo buri gihe ubona ko bibaho, mu by'ukuri ni bibi kurushaho - ushobora kuba urimo gukusanya amakuru mabi mu gihe cy'ibyumweru byinshi mbere yuko ubona ko icyo cyiciro kitagarutse ku mwanya umwe.

Gushyira mu mwanya urwanya ingese: Icyo bisobanura mu kazi ka buri munsi ko muri laboratwari

Dukoresha cyane ijambo "positioning anticorrosion" mu bisobanuro by'ibicuruzwa. Ariko reka tubigabanye mu buryo uhura nabwo mu gihe ukiri ku ntebe.

Icyiciro cy’intoki kirwanya ingese gikeneye ibintu bitatu:

Ku bakoresha laboratwari ku ntera ya intoki, hari ikindi kintu: uburyo bwo gukoraho. Iyo ushyize icyitegererezo munsi ya mikorosikopi cyangwa ushyira electrode ku murongo, wishingikiriza ku buryo mikorosikopi ikora. Ibyiciro byangiritse bitakaza ubwo buryo bworoshye kandi buhamye bwo gukurura. Ubona ahantu hafata. Urarenga urugero. Ukanda ku gapfundo kugira ngo "uhagarare" aho uhagaze. Birananiza kandi bigabanya ubuziranenge.

Icyuma gikozwe neza gikomeza kugira ishusho nk'iy'amavuta kandi gifatanye mu gihe cy'imyaka myinshi. Ibyo ni ingenzi cyane kurusha uko impapuro nyinshi z'amakuru zibyemera.

Icyibandwaho mu Gukoresha: Gushyira mu mwanya w'intoki icyuma gifusha umwuka

Ishusho ya 3: Ahantu hasanzwe ho gukorera ifu mu kigo cya laboratwari aho ibyiciro byo gushyiramo umwuka n'intoki bihura n'imyuka ikomeza ya aside, imyuka ishongesha, n'utudomo duto twangiza two mu kirere

Mu gipfundikizo cy'umuriro, akenshi uba uhagaze:

• Ingero z'amadirishya munsi y'icyuma gipima
• Ama-electrode mu bwogero bwo gushyiramo platingi
• Udukoresho duto two gutera uturemangingo
• Insinga z'urumuri cyangwa senseri mu muyoboro w'umwuka

Ubusanzwe iyi miterere ikoresha icyiciro cya XY gikozwe mu manual, rimwe na rimwe gifite inkingi ya Z. Icyiciro kiba hafi y’imikorere ya shimi. Umwotsi uhora utembera. Hari ibintu bicika. Muri protocole zimwe na zimwe, uba urimo gushyira aside yivanze ku gipimo gishyizwe ku rubyiniro.

Twari dufite umukiriya muri laboratwari y’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’imiti wakoraga ikizamini cyo gushonga. Icyiciro cyabo cya aluminiyumu XY cyari mu gipfundikizo cy’umuriro aho umwuka wa HCl wabaga uri amasaha 8 ku munsi. Nyuma y’amezi 5, icyo cyiciro cyagize ishusho y’umweru ku nkengero z’umurizo w’inyuma. Imbuto ya micrometer yatangiye kugaragaza ingese. Gusubiramo byavuye kuri ± 5 µm bigera kuri ± 30 µm. Bayisimbuje imwe mu matsinda yacu 316 y’icyuma kitagira umugese. Ibyo byabaye mu 2019. Iracyakoreshwa buri munsi, iracyakora ku buryo budasanzwe.

Ibyo si ibintu bidasanzwe. Ibyo ni byo bibaho iyo ibikoresho bihuye n'ibidukikije.

Bite se ku birebana n'amabara yo kwambara?

Aha niho abantu bibaza bati: “Ese sinshobora kubona urwego rwa aluminiyumu rukozwe mu anode cyangwa rusizwe?”

Anodizing irafasha. Agace gakomeye (Ubwoko bwa III) kongereraho urwego rukomeye rwa okiside. Ariko anodizing iracikagurika. Ku myobo ifite imigozi, iracikagurika mu gihe cyo gushyiramo vis. Ku nzira z'imigozi, irashira mu gihe cyo kugenda inshuro nyinshi. Iyo habayeho icyuho, imiyoboro ya corruption iracika munsi y'igitambaro kandi igakwirakwira mu buryo butagaragara. Twabonye ibyiciro by'umukara bya anodizing bisa neza inyuma ariko byari bipfundikiye rwose munsi y'urwego rwa coating. Ntuzi ko hari ikibazo kugeza igihe igice gito gipfundikiye.

Udupira twa Teflon cyangwa epoxy ni ubundi buryo, ariko twongeraho ubunini, bushobora gutuma habaho ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibintu. Nanone birasaza, kandi ntibishobora gusanwa. Mu rwego rwo gufata icyemezo cy'icyuma kidashonga cyangwa aluminiyumu, kongeramo udupira tugoye kuri aluminiyumu akenshi bituma igiciro cyegerana n'igipira kidashonga. Muri icyo gihe, hitamo ibikoresho birwanya ingese kuva mu gice cyo hagati.

Imibare Nyayo: Kugereranya Igipimo cya Karo

Reka dushyire imbere yawe amakuru nyayo y’igipimo cy’ingufu. Iyi mibare ituruka mu bubiko bw’ibikoresho bisanzwe (NACE, ASM) kugira ngo umuntu ahure n’imiti isanzwe yo muri laboratwari ku bushyuhe bw’icyumba.

Igikuru si uko gusa ifumbire idashonga neza - ni ubwoko bwa corruption. Aluminium inanirwa iyo ikoze mu cyuho, ibyo bigatuma habaho ibintu bigabanya stress hamwe n'ubuso bugoye byangiza imikorere y'aho ishyirwa. Ifumbire idashonga (iyo ikoze mu cyuho) iyo ikoze mu cyuho muri rusange, ibyo bikaba nta ngaruka bigira ku mikorere y'urubyiniro.

Impamvu igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibibuga ari ingenzi kimwe n'ibikoresho

Gushyira isahani y'icyuma kidashonga ku rwego rwakozwe nabi ntabwo ari byiza mu buryo bw'amayobera mu gushyiramo inzitizi ku buryo bukabije. Igishushanyo cyose kigomba gukorana n'ibikoresho.

Dore imiterere y'igishushanyo mbonera twasanze ari ingenzi cyane:

Ni nde ukwiye guhitamo icyuma kitagira umugese?

Niba urimo ukubita umutwe kuri kimwe muri ibi, icyuma gifata umurongo wa sitayine ni cyo gikwiye:

• Urugendo rwawe rubera mu gipfundikizo cy'imiti cyangwa mu kabati k'ubutabazi bw'ibinyabuzima gafite imiti yica udukoko.
• Ukoresha saline, solutions za buffer, cyangwa culture medias zumisha kandi zigasiga ibisigazwa byangiza.
• Uri mu kirere kigenzurwa n'ubushuhe ariko gifite ubukana bw'imiti (laboratoire zo mu mazi, ahantu ho gupimira amazi).
• Igerageza ryawe rikubiyemo umwuka wa aside cyangwa base, ndetse no mu rugero ruto.
• Ukeneye ko icyiciro cyawe kigumana ubushobozi bwo kugenzura imyaka myinshi, ntabwo ari amezi.
• Laboratwari yawe ifasha abantu benshi kandi ntushobora kwemeza ko abantu bose bazahanagura ibikoresho neza nyuma ya buri somo.

Dufite abakiriya mu ma laboratwari asesengura amakosa ya semiconductor, QA/QC y’imiti, amashami ya chimie ya kaminuza, no gupima ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi - ahantu hose ikiguzi cy’icyuma kitagira umugese cyishyuye inshuro nyinshi mu buryo bwizewe no mu buryo buhamye bw’amakuru.

Igihe Aluminium ishobora kuba ikiri nziza

Mu by’ukuri, aluminiyumu ifite umwanya wayo. Niba laboratwari yawe ari icyumba cy’amatara gisukuye kandi cyumye aho ingaruka zikomeye za shimi ari ugukubitwaho igikumwe rimwe na rimwe, urwego rwa aluminiyumu 6061 rufite anodizing ruzakora neza cyane. Ni rworoshye. Ntirukoresha ingufu za rukuruzi (ni ingenzi kuri bimwe mu bikoresho). Kandi birahendutse cyane mu gihe gito.

Ikibazo kivuka iyo aluminiyumu itoranijwe ku buryo busanzwe, nta muntu ubajije imiti iri mu cyumba. Ibi bibaho cyane. Umukozi ushinzwe kugura abona "icyiciro cya XY" ku ifishi yo gusaba akazi maze akagura uburyo buhendutse bujyanye n'ibipimo by'urugendo. Nyuma y'amezi atandatu, umuyobozi wa laboratwari aratubwira kuri telefoni impamvu sisitemu yabo yo gushyiramo ibintu isa n'aho yuzuyemo umucanga.

Niba urimo gukora ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bwo gushyiramo icyuma gishyushya umwuka mu mwanya wacyo, jya usimbuka aluminiyumu burundu. Imibare yo gutanga ingaruka ku ngaruka ntabwo ikora.

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma Icyiciro cya Laboratwari y'icyuma gifunganye mbere yo kugura

Niba ubu urimo gushaka icyiciro cya laboratwari gikoreshwa n'intoki kugira ngo umenye ibidukikije byangiritse, dore urutonde rw'ibintu ugomba gusuzuma:

Ntutinye kubaza ibi bibazo. Umucuruzi wese ukora ibyiciro byiza byo kwangiza ibidukikije azaba afite ibisubizo bisobanutse neza.

Tumaze imyaka 9 tunonosora ibyiciro byacu byo gushyiramo ibikoresho mu buryo bw'intoki n'ubukoresha moteri. Ubwo bunararibonye bwatwigishije ikintu cy'ingenzi: kubaka icyiciro cyiza cy'icyuma kitagira umugese si uguhinduranya ibikoresho gusa. Ni ugushushanya buri gice cy'ibikoresho - imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, vis zo gutwara, udupfundikizo, ndetse n'amavuta - kugira ngo bikoreshwe hamwe mu bidukikije bibi bya shimi.

Ntitugugurira gusa ahantu runaka. Turagufasha guhitamo aho ukwiriye ibidukikije by’imiti. Waba urimo gushushanya ahantu hagenewe ikoranabuhanga rya chemical fume hood mu buryo bwo gushyiraho laboratoire nshya, cyangwa ugasimbuza ahantu hakozwe aluminium yangiritse mu kigo gisanzwe, dushobora gushyiraho igisubizo gihuye n’aho utuye, ibyo ukeneye mu ngendo zawe, ndetse n’amafaranga yawe.

Bikunze kwirengagizwa: Imibare y'Imari y'Igihe Kirekire

Reka nkwereke icyitegererezo cyoroshye cy'ikiguzi. Tuvuge ko urimo gushyiraho utuzu 10 tw'ibikoresho byo gushyushya, buri kimwe gikeneye urwego rumwe rwa XY rw'intoki. Amahitamo yawe:

Iryo ni itandukaniro ry'amadolari 152.000 ku bigo 10 by'akazi. Nubwo wagabanya kabiri igiciro cy'akazi kanjye ukakikuba gatatu, imibare iracyakunda igiciro kinini cyane.

Birumvikana ko imibare nyayo itandukana bitewe na laboratwari. Ariko imiterere irahari: mu bidukikije byangiza, icyuma gifata umurongo ugororotse kiba gihendutse cyane ugereranyije n'igihe icyo ari cyo cyose gikenewe. Uko gishyirwamo ari kinini, niko ibi biba ingenzi cyane.

Gusubiza ikibazo gikomeye inshuro imwe gusa

Reka tugaruke kuri icyo kibazo twibajije mbere: Kuki icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma kidashonga neza girusha icyuma cya aluminiyumu mu gushyiramo ibintu birwanya ingese mu buryo bwa laboratwari?

Kubera ko icyuma kitagira umugese, cyane cyane 316, kizana molybdenum muri alloy. Molybdenum ni ikintu gituma icyuma kitagira umugese kidahura na iyoni za kloride n'umwuka wa aside usenya urwego rwa okiside rwa aluminiyumu. Aluminium nta bushobozi ifite bwo kuyirinda bungana nayo. Irashiramo. Iyo itangiye gushyiramo, ubuziranenge burashira. Ikibuga ntigikeneye kugaragara nk'aho cyangiritse kugira ngo kitagira umumaro - ubushobozi bwo gushyiramo micron bubura igihe kirekire mbere yuko ingese igaragara.

Ifu itagira umwanda kandi itera ubukana bwinshi, iramba neza, kandi ntisaba irangi ryoroshye ryo ku buso. Ni ibikoresho bihuye n'ibyo abantu bakenera muri laboratwari y'intoki aho ari ho hose hari imiti. Ntabwo ari ukugira ngo birambe igihe kirekire gusa. Ni ukugira ngo bitange ahantu hahamye kandi hizewe umunsi ku wundi, igerageza nyuma y'igerageza.

Witeguye kubona icyiciro gikwiye cya Laboratwari yawe?

Niba ubu urimo gukorana n'ibikoresho bifunganye kandi byangiritse — cyangwa niba urimo gutegura laboratwari nshya kandi ukaba ushaka kwirinda icyo kintu burundu — reka tuganire.

Twafashije amatsinda y’abakora mu mavuriro kuva kuri aluminiyumu kugera kuri sisitemu nziza zo gushyiramo ibyuma bitagira umugese. Dusobanukiwe imiti ukoresha. Dusobanukiwe ko ari ngombwa gushyiraho imiterere ihamye kandi irinda ingese idatemba cyangwa ngo yononekare. Kandi dufite uburambe bw'imyaka 9 mu gukora, dushobora gutanga ibyiciro bihuye neza n'ibyo ukeneye, byaba ibyo usanzwe ukeneye cyangwa ibyo washyizeho.

Sura urubuga rwacu cyangwa uganire n'abahanga mu bya porogaramu zacu. Tubwire uko uteye - imiti ihari, ubwoko bw'ibipimo ushyiramo, imbogamizi z'umwanya wawe, ingengo y'imari yawe. Tuzakugira inama yo gushyiraho imiterere yihariye y'icyuma kitagira umugozi izamara igihe kirekire kandi ikanarusha aluminium iyo ari yo yose muri laboratwari yawe.

Ntureke ingese ibangamira amakuru yawe. Hitamo ibikoresho bizagufasha guhera ku munsi wa mbere. Turi hano kugira ngo tugufashe kubikemura neza.

Uracyafite igitekerezo ku cyiciro cy’icyuma kidashonga ugereranyije n’icya aluminiyumu kuri laboratwari yawe? Dushobora gutanga impapuro zigaragaza imiterere y’ibikoresho, amakuru ajyanye n’igeragezwa rya corruption, ndetse n’ibiciro byihariye mu masaha 24. Vugana n’itsinda ryacu uyu munsi — reka tubone urwego rwiza rwa laboratwari ukoresha intoki.